In 1960, Israeli archaeologist Joseph Naveh discovered the Mesad Hashavyahu Ostracon.

This 2,600-year-old pottery fragment contains the first known extra-biblical reference to the Jewish Sabbath.
https://watchjerusalem.co.il/6....29-mesad-hashavyahu-

Mesad Hashavyahu Ostracon: A Case of Biblical Law - Watch Jerusalem
watchjerusalem.co.il

Mesad Hashavyahu Ostracon: A Case of Biblical Law - Watch Jerusalem

And the first extra-biblical evidence of the Sabbath, perhaps even Shavuot
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